Mechanical complications and infection control comparison of custom-made and prefabricated articular hip spacers in the treatment of periprosthetic infection

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to compare the complication rate and the outcomes of custom-made spacers (C-spacers) and prefabricated articular spacers (P-spacers) in the treatment of periprosthetic infection.

Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, 78 patients (44 females, 34 males; mean age: 68.5±9.48 years; range, 47 to 82 years) with articular spacers implanted in our institution were analyzed between January 2009 and December 2019. We recorded implant results as per mechanical complications, infection control, the interval from surgery to definitive hip replacement, and the rate of achieving recovery of joint function after stage two arthroplasty.

Results: There were 29 revised spacers; 18 of them were C-spacers and 11 were P-spacers (p=0.0383). A total of 16 dislocations were recorded, of which six were dislocations of C-spacers, and 10 were dislocations of P-spacers (p=0.0082). Additionally, we registered four spacer breakages, all of which occurred in C-spacers (p=0.295). C-spacers failed early, at an mean interval of 2.2 weeks after implantation, and P-spacers failed later, with an mean of 9.3 weeks after implantation (p=0.0187). A total of nine reinfection complications of spacers were registered; only one infection of P-spacers, and eight infections related to C-spacers (p=0.2583). Definitive revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) after spacer explantation and successful treatment of the infection occurred in 63 cases out of 78 patients. Definitive rTHA occurred after the use of C-spacers in 41 (78%) patients and after the use of C-spacers in 22 (84%) patients (p=0.7816). C-spacers had a mean interval from spacer implantation to definitive rTHA of 6.56±6.03 months, and P-spacers had a mean interval of 4±1.93 months (p=0.0164).

Conclusion: Custom-made spacers were shown to have lower mechanical complication rates than prefabricated ones but more infection complications. Prefabricated spacers had more dislocations and fewer breakages. Custom-made spacer mechanical failures occurred earlier compared to prefabricated ones.

Citation: Emmer J, Tomáš T, Apostolopoulos V, Brančík P, Rapi J, Nachtnebl L. Mechanical complications and infection control comparison of custom-made and prefabricated articular hip spacers in the treatment of periprosthetic infection. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023;34(3):557-564. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1155.

The study protocol was approved by the St. Anne’s University Hospital Ethics Committee (date: 21.04.2023, no: EK-FNUSA-16/2023). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Investigation, writing, editing: J.E., V.A.; Investigation, methodology, data curation, writing, editing: J.E., VA.; Data curation: P.B., L.N., J.R; Methodology, review, editing: V.A.; Investigation, methodology, data curation: J.E., P.B., L.N.; Investigation, methodology, supervision: T.T.; Supervision, funding acquisition, resources, review: T.T. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript.

The authors declared no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

The authors received no financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article.

A written informed consent was obtained from each patient.

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.